Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist (COMT) Practice Exam

Which cells are responsible for removing dead tissue and invading microorganisms during an infection?

1. Neutrophils

2. Macrophages

3. B lymphocytes

4. Plasma cells

The correct answer is: Macrophages

Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune system, particularly during an infection, as they are specialized cells that effectively remove dead tissue and engulf invading microorganisms. These cells are derived from monocytes and are found in virtually all tissues. They detect pathogens through various receptor mechanisms, initiating a response to eliminate not only the microorganisms but also to help clear cellular debris resulting from tissue damage. In addition to their phagocytic capabilities, macrophages also produce cytokines and other signaling molecules that help orchestrate the immune response, making them vital to the inflammatory process. By digesting debris and pathogens, they contribute significantly to wound healing and tissue repair. Other cell types listed, such as neutrophils, play an essential role in the acute inflammatory response as well, but macrophages are particularly noted for their ability to remove larger debris and link innate and adaptive immunity. B lymphocytes and plasma cells, on the other hand, are primarily involved in the production of antibodies and are not directly responsible for the removal of dead tissue or pathogens.