Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist (COMT) Practice Exam

What condition results from sickle-shaped cells occluding a peripheral vessel in the retina?

1. Neovascularization

2. Retinal detachment

3. Optic neuropathy

4. Vitreous hemorrhage

The correct answer is: Neovascularization

The condition that arises from sickle-shaped cells occluding a peripheral vessel in the retina is neovascularization. When sickle cells obstruct the blood flow in retinal vessels, it leads to ischemia (a deficiency of blood supply) in the surrounding retinal tissue. This ischemia triggers a response in which the retina attempts to compensate for the lack of oxygen by promoting the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels, a process known as neovascularization. These newly formed vessels can be fragile and prone to leakage, leading to further complications. Neovascularization in the retina is often associated with diseases that cause chronic ischemia, such as sickle cell disease. It is important to manage these conditions effectively to prevent potential vision loss resulting from complications associated with neovascularization, including complications like retinal hemorrhage. The other conditions listed, such as retinal detachment, optic neuropathy, and vitreous hemorrhage, may occur as secondary effects or in different contexts but are not directly caused by the occlusion of a peripheral vessel by sickle cells.