Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist (COMT) Practice Exam

What type of cells secrete insulin in the pancreas?

1. Alpha cells

2. Beta cells

3. Delta cells

4. Gamma cells

The correct answer is: Beta cells

Insulin is a crucial hormone produced in the pancreas that plays a significant role in regulating blood glucose levels. The cells responsible for secreting insulin are known as beta cells. These cells are located in the islets of Langerhans, which are clusters of cells within the pancreas that also contain other types of endocrine cells. The primary function of beta cells is to monitor blood glucose levels and respond by releasing insulin when necessary. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells throughout the body, allowing for energy production and storage, thus maintaining homeostasis in blood sugar levels. In contrast, alpha cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose levels, while delta cells produce somatostatin, which regulates the secretion of other hormones. Gamma cells are not typically discussed in the context of the pancreas's hormone-producing capabilities and do not have a role in insulin secretion. Understanding the specific functions of these different cell types is essential for grasping how the pancreas regulates glucose metabolism and how disturbances in this system can lead to conditions such as diabetes.