Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist (COMT) Practice Exam

What type of cells are the first responders to inflammation?

1. Eosinophils

2. Basophils

3. Phagocytes

4. Lymphocytes

The correct answer is: Phagocytes

Phagocytes are known as the first responders to inflammation due to their crucial role in the body's immune response. When tissue damage or infection occurs, phagocytes, which include types like neutrophils and macrophages, migrate to the site of inflammation. Their primary function is to engulf and digest pathogens, dead cells, and debris, effectively cleaning up the area and preventing further infection. These cells have receptors that can detect signs of infection or injury, allowing them to act quickly. Once activated, they not only perform phagocytosis but also release cytokines that help regulate the immune response and attract additional immune cells to the area. While eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes play important roles in the immune system, they are typically involved in later stages of the immune response. Eosinophils are particularly effective against parasites and in allergy responses. Basophils release histamine and contribute to the inflammatory response but are not the primary cells that initially respond to inflammation. Lymphocytes, including T and B cells, are crucial for adaptive immunity, but their activation occurs later after the innate immune response has begun. This highlights the immediate and essential function of phagocytes in the early stages of inflammation.