Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist (COMT) Practice Exam

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What condition may lead to either keratoconus or cataracts as part of ocular changes?

Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Diabetes mellitus
High blood pressure

The correct answer is: Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is associated with various changes in ocular health, one of which may include keratoconus. This condition is characterized by the thinning and bulging of the cornea, which can occur in patients with hypothyroidism due to the influence of hormonal imbalances on connective tissue. The lower metabolic rate and possible alterations in the fluid dynamics within the eye can also contribute to changes that predispose an individual to keratoconus. Additionally, cataracts have been noted to have a higher prevalence in individuals with hypothyroidism, influenced by the metabolic slowdown that affects lens transparency. The exact mechanisms can involve variations in metabolism of lens proteins or possible changes in the oxidative stress levels within the eye. While the other conditions listed can indeed lead to various ocular manifestations, they do not have a direct and established link with both keratoconus and cataracts in the way that hypothyroidism does. Thus, hypothyroidism stands out as the condition most likely to cause these specific changes in the eyes.