Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist (COMT) Practice Exam

What classification of drugs does phenylephrine hydrochloride fall under?

1. Analgesic

2. Antihistamine

3. Sympathomimetic

4. Anticholinergic

The correct answer is: Sympathomimetic

Phenylephrine hydrochloride is classified as a sympathomimetic agent. This class of drugs mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response in the body. Phenylephrine specifically acts as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist, which means it stimulates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. It is commonly used as a decongestant and to increase blood pressure in specific medical situations. The sympathomimetic classification is significant because these drugs can affect various physiological responses such as increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and reduced nasal congestion, making them useful in treating conditions like nasal decongestion, hypotension, and certain types of shock. Understanding the role of sympathomimetics is crucial for recognizing how they influence the body and for selecting appropriate treatment options in clinical practice.